Unit 21: Foundations of Scientific Inquiry and Experimentation

Day 9 of 30

Control variables and control groups

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Learning Objective

Students will be able to explore control variables and control groups.

Today's Lesson

In this lesson, we'll explore control variables and control groups. Scientific inquiry allows us to investigate and explain natural phenomena.

Control variables are factors you keep the same in an experiment so they don't affect the results. A control group is the standard for comparison—it doesn't get the treatment you're testing. For example, testing fertilizer on plants: control variables = same water, light, soil; control group = plants with no fertilizer. Comparing the treatment group (with fertilizer) to the control group shows if the fertilizer made a difference. Controls make experiments fair!

As you work through today's material, pay attention to the examples and try to identify the patterns or strategies being used. This will help you apply these concepts to new problems.

Take notes on key points and make connections to what you've already learned in previous lessons.

Key Terms
Investigate

To examine systematically through observation and experiment

Evidence

Observable facts that support or refute a claim

Activities
Instructions
1. Read the background information on control variables and control groups. 2. Form a hypothesis before beginning. 3. Conduct the investigation following procedures. 4. Record observations and analyze results.
Materials Needed
  • Lab notebook
  • Investigation materials
  • Safety equipment if needed
Practice Problems
1

Based on today's lesson, what is one thing you observed or learned?

Hint: Think about the main topic.
2

How could you test or investigate this topic further?

Hint: What experiment could you do?
3

Why is this topic important in the real world?

Hint: Think about everyday applications.

Teaching Tip

For this age group: Balance direct instruction with collaborative activities. Allow students to explain their thinking and make connections to prior knowledge when exploring control variables and control groups.

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