Day 2 of 30
Rocks and minerals introduction
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Learning Objective
Students will be able to explore rocks and minerals.
In this lesson, we'll explore rocks and minerals introduction. Scientific inquiry allows us to investigate and explain natural phenomena.
Earth's crust is made of rocks (aggregates of minerals) and minerals (naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline substances with definite chemical composition). The rock cycle connects three rock types: Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava (granite—intrusive; basalt—extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediment layers (sandstone, limestone, shale); contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are transformed by heat and pressure (marble from limestone, slate from shale). Plate tectonics: Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates that move on the asthenosphere. At divergent boundaries: plates pull apart, creating mid-ocean ridges. At convergent boundaries: plates collide, creating mountains or subduction zones (causing earthquakes and volcanoes). At transform boundaries: plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.
As you work through today's material, pay attention to the examples and try to identify the patterns or strategies being used. This will help you apply these concepts to new problems.
Take notes on key points and make connections to what you've already learned in previous lessons.
To examine systematically through observation and experiment
Observable facts that support or refute a claim
Instructions
Materials Needed
- Lab notebook
- Investigation materials
- Safety equipment if needed
Teaching Tip
For this age group: Balance direct instruction with collaborative activities. Allow students to explain their thinking and make connections to prior knowledge when exploring rocks and minerals introduction.