Ancient Rome: the Roman Empire

In this lesson, we'll explore ancient rome: the roman empire. Understanding history and society helps us become informed citizens.

Rome transformed from a small city-state to the dominant power of the Mediterranean world. The Roman Republic (509–27 BCE) featured two consuls, the Senate, and elements of checks and balances that influenced later democracies—including the U.S. Constitution. Julius Caesar's dictatorship led to his assassination (44 BCE) and civil war; Augustus became the first emperor, beginning the Roman Empire (27 BCE–476 CE). Pax Romana (27 BCE–180 CE) was a period of relative peace, during which Roman engineering (roads, aqueducts, concrete, the arch), law (basis of legal systems in Europe and Latin America), and Latin language spread across Europe. Christianity spread through the Empire and became the official religion (313 CE). The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE due to military pressure from Germanic groups, economic problems, political instability, and internal divisions. The Eastern Empire (Byzantine Empire) continued until 1453 CE.

As you work through today's material, pay attention to the examples and try to identify the patterns or strategies being used. This will help you apply these concepts to new problems.

Take notes on key points and make connections to what you've already learned in previous lessons.